Asia’s rise as an economic and political player exemplifies what globalization is all about. By the decade’s end, China’s economy will be larger than Germany’s. By 2040 three of the world’s five largest economies – China, India, and Japan – will be in Asia.
That is one side of the Asian picture. The other side is persistent poverty, lack of development, massive environmental degradation, a widespread rural-urban divide, demographic problems, and troubled banking systems. The picture is further complicated by security risks such as nuclear arms proliferation, fundamentalism, and weak or failing governance.
The sweeping changes underway in Asia are not just economic, but have also created new political realities that cannot be ignored. Asian countries now act with much greater self-assurance than in the past. Their military budgets are expanding, and there are regional rivalries. Thus, along with tremendous opportunities implied by globalization, political risks must also be addressed.
German and European policymakers must make clear what Europe has to offer Asia, and can do so at this month’s EU/Asean and EU/China summits. The “soft power of Europe’s political and social model is well known. As an Asian leader once told me, Europeans have what many Asian societies aspire to: democratic government, advanced infrastructure, civil rights, world-class companies, high educational and social standards, and a rich cultural heritage. This gives us considerable standing.
It is crucial to ensure that our European model, with its emphasis on a fair deal for everyone, remains competitive. Nevertheless, Germany stands to lose more than any other country from any protectionist-minded retreat from globalization. In the first six months of 2007 alone, the value of German exports nearly passed 500 billion euros.
But free trade is a two-way street. Artificially low exchange rates, restrictions on capital flows, and excessively large currency reserves all create global imbalances. Any strategic partnership between Europe and Asia must encourage global economic responsibility based on cooperation and transparency.
Europe and Asia must jointly commit to an agenda underscoring global resources and sustainability. Environmental, climate, and energy issues concern everyone. China is already a top carbon dioxide emitter. Environmental degradation in Asia not only harms its population’s health, but will become an impediment to growth.
Growth is important to us in Europe, and it is even more important to Asia’s emerging economies. But, as European experience shows, it is often worth sacrificing short-term benefits for the sake of longer-term gain.
The history of European integration suggests that regional cooperation, give and take, the pursuit of shared goals, and even in some areas the transfer of sovereignty are the best ways to overcome tensions and promote peaceful problem-solving. Certain elements of this European path may be relevant to Asia’s own regional cooperation.
Indeed, Asian trade and commodity flows are increasingly interlinked. Asean members conduct almost 50 percent of their trade within Asia. Economic relations between major players such as China and Japan are increasingly close – owing not only to booming trade, but also to direct investment and regional production networks.
Economic links pave the way for political rapprochement and closer ties. Asean, together with its affiliated bodies such as the Asean Regional Forum and the East Asia Summit, is the driving force behind the intensification of Asian cooperation, in which security, too, is a factor. Asean is working with its partners to tackle global issues such as security, energy, and climate change, and its plans for a charter on enhanced cooperation is an encouraging first step toward creating a political architecture.
This year, the EU’s contacts with Asean and its members have become much closer. The foreign ministers’ meeting held during Germany’s EU Council presidency produced the Nuremberg Declaration, which established a framework for closer EU- Asean partnership. Europe must become a stakeholder in Asia if both sides are to gain maximum benefit from cooperation and help shape the world of the future.
In Asia, people increasingly realize that sharing in global prosperity also means sharing responsibility for global peace and development. We see this in the higher profile that China has taken in defusing the North Korean nuclear crisis and in drafting the recent Security Council resolution on Darfur. With Japan’s upcoming G-8 presidency and the Beijing Olympic Games next year, Asia will be under a spotlight as never before.
In the light of developments such as in Myanmar, Asean must state clearly where it stands. This recalibration of global responsibility will have to be a step-by-step process fostering dialogue and stability. Here, too, it would be wrong to take an all-or-nothing approach. Europe must take Asian views on global governance seriously. By the same token, the new Asian players must take into account the progress achieved in this regard in the latter half of the twentieth century.
The challenge for 21st century statecraft will be to devise joint solutions to common problems. This was what inspired the Heiligendamm Process launched at this year’s G-8 Summit, which for the first time brought G-8 leaders together with leaders of the world’s major emerging economies, including China, India, Brazil, Mexico, and South Africa.
There is no inevitable contradiction between European values, on the one hand, and what are deemed Asian values, on the other. Where interests conflict and opportunities coexist with tensions, a readiness and capacity for dialogue is the only way forward. We have mutually enriching Euro-Asian traditions that could serve as a basis for such a dialogue.
It is in this context that Europe’s commitment to internal reform, human rights, international law, and responsible governance should be seen. Global values are a cause that Europe intends to promote worldwide. Obviously, that means meeting the standards that we expect of others. In this progressive transformation of the international system, German and European foreign policy will play an active role. What is needed is not rhetoric, but levelheaded efforts to find practical and forward-looking solutions to key issues on which regional and international cooperation is urgently required.
Frank Walter Steinmeieris Germany’s Foreign Minister and Vice Chancellor. This article is published by Daily News Egypt in collaboration with Project Syndicate/Internationale Politik, www.project-syndicate.org.
