Pressure is building on Asian Football Confederation president and world soccer body FIFA presidential candidate Sheikh Salman bin Ebrahim Al Khalifa to respond with chapter and verse to allegations that he played a role in the detention and abuse of athletes during the 2011 popular uprising in his native Bahrain. The revolt was brutally squashed with the help of Saudi troops.
The pressure in recent months has already prompted Salman, who refused to discuss the issue for the 4.5 years since the events allegedly occurred, to deny that athletes were abused at the time and reject allegations that he was involved. His denials have left key questions unanswered and moved a prominent German politician, human rights activists, and Mark Pieth, the academic employed by FIFA at one point to oversee its reform efforts, to publicly oppose Salman’s standing for office.
Salman has put forward proposals for a reform of FIFA, the scandal-ridden world soccer body, that go some way towards the core of the group’s deep-seated corruption problems. Salman’s proposals include a separation of FIFA’s governance role from the group’s significant business interests that include billions of dollars in revenues from sponsorship and World Cup broadcasting rights.
Despite the merit of his proposals, Salman also demonstrated that he is the product of an autocratic system and the scion of an entitled ruling family by employing lawyers to handle criticism and probing questions in the media in a bid to straight out of the blocks intimidate journalists rather than engage them and resort to legal steps only as a last resort.
In doing so, Salman follows in the footsteps of his relative and former sports superior, Prince Nasser bin Hamad al-Khalifa, son of King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, commander of the Royal Guard, head of the Bahrain Olympic Committee, and the government’s Supreme Council for Youth and Sports.
Salman employed the same lawyers as Prince Nasser, London-based Schillings, whose motto is “Defending Reputation, Demanding Privacy”. Schillings in 2014 unsuccessfully attempted to fundamentally alter in line with the Bahrain government’s version of events this writer’s reporting on the lifting of Prince Nasser’s immunity by an English court. The court lifted Prince Nasser’s immunity in a case initiated by several Bahrainis who alleged that they were tortured in the aftermath of the 2011 popular uprising.
The Bahrain News Agency (BNA) reported in 2011 that Prince Nasser issued a decree ordering that measures be taken against those guilty of insulting Bahrain and its leadership. Prince Nasser formed the committee after an earlier royal decree had declared a state of emergency in Bahrain. The royal decree allowed the Bahrain military to crackdown on the protests and establish military courts. Salman reportedly was general secretary of the supreme sports and youth council at the time.
A series of BNA stories further reported on the implementation of Prince Nasser’s decree and the launch of a committee to investigate “breaches by individuals associated with the sports movement during the recent unfortunate events in the Kingdom of Bahrain”. BNA reported that the committee met on 10 April 2011 under Salman’s chairmanship.
BNA also reported that the Bahrain Football Association (BFA) that was at the time headed by Salman threatened penalties and suspensions for those who “violated the law”, including athletes, administrators and coaches who participated in “illegal demonstrations” or any other act that aims to “overthrow the regime or insult national figures.” BNA said BFA suspended clubs, noting that “the Bahrain FA stressed that these penalties were issued in accordance with the Investigative Committee’s decisions concerning all those who have offended our leadership and our precious Kingdom”.
A Bahraini newspaper, in another indication of the implementation of Prince Nasser’s decree, quoted at the time Bahrain Table Tennis Association Chairman Sheikh Ahmed bin Hamad Al Khalifa, saying that his group decided to act against players who “offended the nation and its wise leadership”.
BNA is the official organ of the government in a country that Reporters Without Borders ranks number 163 out of 180 countries; the media is tightly controlled through repressive articles in its penal code; journalists, activists, photographers, and social media users are targeted; and in which writers exercise self-censorship including avoiding statements of fact like the fact that Shiites constitute the majority in Bahrain.
In total an estimated 150 athletes and sports executives were arrested on the basis of Prince Nasser’s decree. Several alleged immediately after their release that they were tortured during their detention, among them two members of Bahrain’s national soccer team. The players remained silent for the 4.5 years since they first alleged having been abused. Recently however they denied the allegations in media appearances organised by Salman’s election campaign.
In his refusal in the last five years to discuss the allegations, Salman insisted that sports and politics was separate, a statement contradicted by BNA’s reporting and the fact that Bahrain’s ruling family keeps a tight rein on the country’s sports.
Since launching his presidential campaign, Salman denied in interviews establishing the investigation committee and the assertion that he headed it but has yet to directly address the consistent BNA reporting. Salman suggested that he objected to penalising of athletes and executives or that he would not have accepted to chair the committee if it had been established.
Salman’s position has sparked opposition to his FIFA presidential candidacy. Speaking to Germany’s Frankfurter Algemeine Zeitung, Pieth headed an independent governance committee for FIFA that issued its recommendations in 2013, called for strong opposition to Salman’s candidacy.
“The outcry has to come from the 209 (national) associations” that elect the FIFA president, Pieth said. “You have to ask, is Salman a credible representative for democracy and a new start? Is he suitable? A representative of an autocratic ruling family is not suitable to lead this institution out of the crisis,” he said.
Referring to support for Salman by Kuwaiti Sheikh Ahmad Al-Fahad Al-Sabah widely viewed as one of the most powerful men in international sports, Pieth went on to say that “we have a mechanism that we call patronage, not a mafia. But they are similar. It is perpetuated by the people in question”.
A member of Kuwait’s ruling family as well as of the International Olympic Committee and FIFA’s executive committee Al-Sabah is locked into a power struggle within his own ruling family. He is appealing a six-month prison sentence for allegedly violating a gag order and faces a civil suit for damages based on allegations that he and his brother, head of the Kuwaiti Football Association, were responsible for Kuwait’s recent suspension by the IOC, FIFA, and a host of other international sports associations.
Salman’s foremost rival among the six presidential candidate, Jordan’s Prince Ali Bin Al-Hussein, appeared to be hinting at the patronage mechanism when he registered this month his concern with the FIFA electoral committee. He was concerned about a cooperation agreement with the Confederation of African Football (CAF) that Bahraini signed last week on behalf of the AFC. The agreement or at least its timing was widely seen as an attempt to secure Africa’s votes for Salman.
“I have always promoted cross-regional understanding, however the timing of this MoU between the AFC and the CAF looks like a blatant attempt to engineer a bloc vote,” Prince Ali said.
In a separate statement, deputy chair of the Bundestag, German parliament, and head of the Green Party Claudia Roth said Salman’s election would be “a mockery of the victims of the human rights abuses in Bahrain… An attempt at democratisation, an opening with the recognition of equal rights for a large percentage of the population was suppressed with brutal violence in 2011. To that end tanks were dispatched to Bahrain from Saudi Arabia. Many were killed and wounded. Among others, athletes were arrested; there are clear indications of torture that also include soccer players,” Ms. Roth said.
James M. Dorsey is a senior fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, co-director of the University of Wuerzburg’s Institute for Fan Culture, a syndicated columnist, and the author of The Turbulent World of Middle East Soccer blog and a forthcoming book with the same title.
