Idioms and proverbs about the importance of maintaining good health span the ages. Many emphasise how closely health is tied to happiness and the opportunity to live a fulfilling and enjoyable life.
A study published this month in ‘Age and Ageing’ by the Japan Collaborate Cohort (JACC) Study Group at Osaka University assessed the impact of modifying lifestyle behaviours on life expectancy from middle age onwards.
The researchers found that adopting five or more healthy lifestyle behaviours increased life expectancy even for individuals more than 80 years of age, including those with chronic conditions.
Lifespan is dependent on social factors such as socioeconomic status, policy factors such as assisted access to healthcare, and lifestyle factors like diet and exercise.
The current study used a baseline survey from the JACC study for a large research project of 49,021 individuals that was conducted from 1988 to 1990 in 45 areas of Japan.
The aim was to increase knowledge about what factors contribute to death from cancer and cardiovascular disease; thus, the questionnaire included components such as diet, exercise, alcohol intake, smoking status, sleep duration, and body mass index.
Points were given for each healthy behaviour and the impact of modifying these lifestyle behaviours on projected lifespan was assessed.
The study continued until December 2009, by which time 8,966 individuals had died. The study’s primary author, Dr. Ryoto Sakaniwa said that “the results were very clear. A higher number of modified healthy behaviours was directly associated with great longevity for both men and women.”
The lifetime gains were highest for reducing alcohol intake, not smoking, losing weight, and increasing sleep, adding up to six years of life.
This benefit was prominent even among older individuals (80 years or more) and those with one or more major comorbidities, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and kidney disease, and in each life stage from middle age onwards.
“This is a particularly important finding given that the prevalence of chronic disease has increased globally and is a major cause of death in older populations,” says senior author Hiroyasu Iso.
This is one of the first studies to measure the impact of improvements to health behaviour among older individuals in a country with a national life expectancy of almost 85 years.
The finding that lifestyle improvements have a positive impact on health despite chronic health conditions and older age is an empowering one, especially given the increasing prevalence of chronic conditions and longer life.
The findings of this study will contribute to the design of future healthcare settings, public health approaches, and policies that work in partnership with patients to promote healthy lifestyle choices.
